When being forced into GRUB rescue mode, run ls and ls <one_partition> to check available partitions and find the one that we should boot from [ref].
Then set prefix & root [ref]:
set root=(hdX,Y) set prefix=(hdX,Y)/boot/grub insmod normal normal To avoid doing this every time, it is recommened to use a live-USB/ISO to repair GRUB (usually only Desktop version can be in live-USB and easy to setup WIFI). (// it should be also ok to do this without USB if there is a nix system working on current HDD).
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R IN WINDOWS # Download here and install.
R IN UBUNTU 18.04 # sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9 && \ sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran40/' && \ sudo apt update && \ sudo apt install -y r-base r-base-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev build-essential && \ sudo -i R # install packages as root, so all users can use. Commonly used packages:
install.packages(c('devtools', 'digest', 'repr', 'IRdisplay', 'crayon', 'pbdZMQ', 'ggplot2', 'IRkernel', 'ggpubr')) DigitalOcean
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Make mount point:
mkdir /mnt/win Find the partition
lsblk Temp Mount
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda4 /mnt/win Easy Fstab Mount with All Permissions
1.find uuid:
sudo blkid |grep ntfs 2.add in fstab:
UUID=asdf1234 /mnt/win10c ntfs-3g defaults,windows_names,locale=en_US.utf8 0 0 For advanced permission control, see askubuntu
Tested in ubuntu deskop 16.
short url: s_force-text
SOLUTION # sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak && \ sudo sed -ie 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=.*/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text"/g' /etc/default/grub && \ sudo sed -ie 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=.*/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text"/g' /etc/default/grub && \ sudo sed -ie 's/#GRUB_TERMINAL/GRUB_TERMINAL/g' /etc/default/grub && \ sudo update-grub && \ sudo systemctl enable multi-user.target --force && \ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target && \ sudo reboot OBS: sometimes, by changing “multi-user.target” is enough, but sometimes we have to update grub. Have not dug into the reason.
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OBS 1: this works only for ubuntu server edition, not desktop version. tested in ubuntu 16 x64.
OBS 2: remember to change some parts to real values, near: # modify to real value !!!
OBS 3: my version need some files in .iso file: “10_linux” & “sources.list”.
Warn: the default ks.cfg partition settings will erase the entire disk, and use LVM.
See also:
Boot Partitions, Install Multi-OS
easy2boot
PREPARE, AS ROOT # sudo -s
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Reconfig Locale # Option 1:
mkdir -p /var/lib/locales/supported.d/ && \ echo "en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /var/lib/locales/supported.d/gb && \ echo "zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /var/lib/locales/supported.d/zh && \ echo "sv_SE.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /var/lib/locales/supported.d/se && \ locale-gen Option 2:
dpkg-reconfigure locales can use first character of locale-name to nevigate.
ref
See also:
play/test distributions online: /nix-online distribution comparison: /nix-distro bit.ly/s_distro Learning Linux Basics: 鸟哥 in Chinese Git: bit.ly/s_git SSH: bit.ly/s_ssh Locale: bit.ly/s_locale How To Set Up a PC as a Router: /router-how-to Install # install ubuntu 2204 manually & turn off system updates (except security updates) # automaic / unattended installation of ubuntu # http://askubuntu.com/questions/122505/how-do-i-create-a-completely-unattended-install-of-ubuntu Completely-Automatic-Unattended-Install-of-Ubuntu-Auto-system-config-kickstart multi systems selection # multi-operating-system-installation
init after installation # linux-init
ubuntu’s logical volume manager (lvm) # [hard-drive, hard-disk, hdd, ssd]
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1. 开机自动运行 # Linux 加载后, 它将初始化硬件和设备驱动, 然后运行第一个进程 init。init 根据配置
文件继续引导过程，启动其它进程。通常情况下，修改放置在
/etc/rc 或
/etc/rc.d 或 /etc/rc?.d
目录下的脚本文件，可以使 init 自动启动其它程序。例如：编辑
/etc/rc.d/rc.local 文件(该文件通常是系统最后启动的脚本)，
在文件最末加上一行“xinit”或“startx”，可以在开机启动后直接进入 X－Window。
2. 登录自动运行 # 用户登录时，bash 先自动执行系统管理员建立的全局登录 script ： /ect/profile
然后 bash 在用户起始目录下按顺序查找三个特殊文件中的一个：
/.bash_profile、
/.bash_login、
/.profile，
但只执行最先找到的一个。因此，只需根据实际需要在上述文件中加入命令就可以实
现用户登录时自动运行某些程序（类似于 DOS 下的 Autoexec.bat）。
3. 退出自动运行 # 退出登录时，bash 自动执行个人的退出登录脚本
/.bash_logout。
例如，在/.bash_logout 中加入命令“tar －cvzf c.source.tgz ＊.c”，则在每次退出
登录时自动执行 “tar” 命令备份 ＊.c 文件。
4. 定时自动运行 # Linux 有一个称为 crond 的守护程序，主要功能是周期性地检查 /var/spool/cron 目录
下的一组命令文件的内容，并在设定的时间执行这些文件中的命令。用户可以通过
crontab 命令来建立、修改、删除这些命令文件。
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