See also:
/learn-web /learn-http IP, NAT (Network Addr Translate), CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
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基础的基础、熟练写出概念中的关键词（编程、填空、选择题）：
IP地址与子网掩码 - 草履虫都懂的计算机知识. 能看懂、理解（选择、判断题）：
IPv4之死？一口气搞懂NAT、端口与IPv6 - 草履虫都懂的计算机知识. 域名 Domain Names & Name Server (NS) & DNS
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能看懂、理解（选择、判断题）： 你按下回车那一刻，DNS 查了多少次？.
TCP/UDP
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能看懂、理解（选择、判断题）： 草履虫都懂的TCP与UDP协议基本区别.
更复杂：见 嵌入式课程。
More
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更复杂的知识，需要学习 OSI 模型和路由。
另一种学习思路
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你管这破玩意叫网络？【网络从小到大发展技术路径】(含 MAC, IP, ARP)
Windows
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Download web Download direct url 2023-01
Note: PCap installer will be called automaticlly in the middle.
UBUNTU 20.04
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New command: ip & ss.
ubuntu.com
check & setup nic in cli
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check hardware info (canNOT guarantee it is up?):
ethtool -i wlp4s0 config ip & gateway:
ip link set dev wlp4s0 up dhclient wlp4s0 ip route add 192.168.50.1 dev wlp4s0 ip route add default via 192.168.50.1 UBUNTU 18.04 dated
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Check the physical NIC is connected.
lspci Note: The NIC will be shown regardless if drivers are installed, this is a PCI feature.
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OBS: cloning a VM with the status of pause (not powered-off), it canNOT re-initialize the MAC address. Thus, it is necessary to disconnect the cable and poweroff to re-initialize the MAC and then boot.
INSTALL ON UBUNTU
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Tested on v18.04.
sudo apt-get update && \ sudo apt-get -y install virtualbox (sometimes, maybe need to prepare the env before installation:)
sudo apt-get update && \ sudo apt-get -y install gcc make linux-headers-$(uname -r) dkms && \ wget -q https://www.
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