GRUB Rescue

2019-01-06. Category & Tags: GRUB, Rescue, Boot, Linux, Ubuntu

When being forced into GRUB rescue mode, run ls and ls <one_partition> to check available partitions and find the one that we should boot from [ref].

Then set prefix & root [ref]:

set root=(hdX,Y)
set prefix=(hdX,Y)/boot/grub
insmod normal
normal

To avoid doing this every time, it is recommened to use a live-USB/ISO to repair GRUB (usually only Desktop version can be in live-USB and easy to setup WIFI). (// it should be also ok to do this without USB if there is a nix system working on current HDD).
Then use boot-repair to repair the grub.

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Install & Use R & RStudio

2017-05-08. Category & Tags: R, Install, Ubuntu, Linux, Rstudio

R IN WINDOWS #

Download here and install.

R IN UBUNTU 18.04 #

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9 && \
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran40/' && \
sudo apt update && \
sudo apt install -y r-base r-base-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev build-essential && \
sudo -i R # install packages as root, so all users can use.

Commonly used packages:

install.packages(c('devtools', 'digest', 'repr', 'IRdisplay', 'crayon', 'pbdZMQ', 'ggplot2', 'IRkernel', 'ggpubr'))

DigitalOcean

Optional: sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/lib/R/site-library so anyone can install packages.

R IN UBUNTU 16.04 #

Option 1:

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Mount NTFS in Linux Ubuntu

2017-03-13. Category & Tags: NTFS, Ubuntu

Make mount point:

mkdir /mnt/win

Find the partition

lsblk

Temp Mount

mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda4 /mnt/win

Easy Fstab Mount with All Permissions
1.find uuid:

sudo blkid |grep ntfs

2.add in fstab:

UUID=asdf1234  /mnt/win10c  ntfs-3g  defaults,windows_names,locale=en_US.utf8  0  0

For advanced permission control, see askubuntu

Force Ubuntu desktop Boot into Text Console Mode

2016-12-15. Category & Tags: Linux, Ubuntu, Console, X

Tested in ubuntu deskop 16.

short url: s_force-text

SOLUTION #

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak && \
sudo sed -ie 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=.*/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text"/g' /etc/default/grub && \
sudo sed -ie 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=.*/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text"/g' /etc/default/grub && \
sudo sed -ie 's/#GRUB_TERMINAL/GRUB_TERMINAL/g' /etc/default/grub && \
sudo update-grub && \
sudo systemctl enable multi-user.target --force && \
sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target && \
sudo reboot

OBS: sometimes, by changing “multi-user.target” is enough, but sometimes we have to update grub. Have not dug into the reason.

RESULTS #

Echo-ed results:

START X TEMPORARILY #

To run desktop from pure terminal (on physical monitor): run service lightdm start directly.
Note:

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Completely Automatic Unattended Install of Ubuntu

2016-12-14. Category & Tags: Linux, Automatic, Ubuntu, Installation

OBS 1: this works only for ubuntu server edition, not desktop version. tested in ubuntu 16 x64.
OBS 2: remember to change some parts to real values, near: # modify to real value !!!
OBS 3: my version need some files in .iso file: “10_linux” & “sources.list”.
Warn: the default ks.cfg partition settings will erase the entire disk, and use LVM.

PREPARE, AS ROOT #

sudo -s

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Locale In Case Of

2016-05-31. Category & Tags: Linux, Locale, Ubuntu

Reconfig Locale #

Option 1:

mkdir -p /var/lib/locales/supported.d/ && \
echo "en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /var/lib/locales/supported.d/gb && \
echo "zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /var/lib/locales/supported.d/zh && \
echo "sv_SE.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /var/lib/locales/supported.d/se && \
locale-gen

Option 2:
dpkg-reconfigure locales can use first character of locale-name to nevigate.

ref

NIX (unix OR”linux” OR”ubuntu” OR”kubuntu” OR”redhat” OR”debian” OR”centos” OR”fedora”)

2013-07-24. Category & Tags: Linux, Ubuntu

Install #

install ubuntu 2204 manually & turn off system updates (except security updates) #

automaic / unattended installation of ubuntu #

multi systems selection #

multi-operating-system-installation

init after installation #

linux-init

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linux,ubuntu添加开机自动运行程序方法autorun

2011-12-19. Category & Tags: Leading Autorun, Leading, Linux, Ubuntu

1. 开机自动运行 #

Linux 加载后, 它将初始化硬件和设备驱动, 然后运行第一个进程 init。init 根据配置
文件继续引导过程，启动其它进程。通常情况下，修改放置在
/etc/rc 或
/etc/rc.d 或 /etc/rc?.d
目录下的脚本文件，可以使 init 自动启动其它程序。例如：编辑
/etc/rc.d/rc.local 文件(该文件通常是系统最后启动的脚本)，
在文件最末加上一行“xinit”或“startx”，可以在开机启动后直接进入 X－Window。

2. 登录自动运行 #

用户登录时，bash 先自动执行系统管理员建立的全局登录 script ： /ect/profile
然后 bash 在用户起始目录下按顺序查找三个特殊文件中的一个：
/.bash_profile、
/.bash_login、
/.profile，
但只执行最先找到的一个。因此，只需根据实际需要在上述文件中加入命令就可以实
现用户登录时自动运行某些程序（类似于 DOS 下的 Autoexec.bat）。

3. 退出自动运行 #

退出登录时，bash 自动执行个人的退出登录脚本
/.bash_logout。
例如，在/.bash_logout 中加入命令“tar －cvzf c.source.tgz ＊.c”，则在每次退出
登录时自动执行 “tar” 命令备份＊.c 文件。

4. 定时自动运行 #

Linux 有一个称为 crond 的守护程序，主要功能是周期性地检查 /var/spool/cron 目录
下的一组命令文件的内容，并在设定的时间执行这些文件中的命令。用户可以通过
crontab 命令来建立、修改、删除这些命令文件。

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