C++ Development Environment

IDE #

VS (Visual Studio) Community (Free Version) #

(TODO)

CodeBlocks #

中文版（含 MinGW GCC）： https://github.com/anbangli/codeblocks-cn

VS Code (VSC) #

(TODO)

on windows #

For English, see official doc: https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/languages/cpp

Install msys2-x86_64-20240727.exe (use the default path, which is on C:…).

Install w64devkit-x64-2.0.0.exe (change path to C:, it will add w64devkit folder.)

C-CPP-Programming-in-case-of

Data Structure Alignment 数据结构对齐 #

x86-64 architecture #

Overall rule: any data structure/element should be accessed by CPU with minimum CPU cycles. A 32bit CPU can access 4Bytes in one cycle, while a 64bit one can access 8Bytes. When a memory access is not aligned, it is said to be misaligned (wiki).
Thus, there are two practical rules for us to understand compiler’s padding:

Rule 1: any basic data structure/element/variable should be aligned so that their beginning address is divisible (任何变量的开始地址都能被自己的大小整除，即：当被访问的数据长度为 n 字节时，数据地址为 n 字节对齐。).