Related:
INSTALL PY3
win
Install py2 first! Install py3 later.
Download and install py3 from the official website.
During installation, make sure to "add to system PATH".
If it is only in user's "Path", we need to also add to system "PATH" (both the python root folder and the script subfolder), and make sure it is before py2's folders.
ubuntu
Ubuntu 16.04 has both py2 & py3; default py2.
INSTALL PIP IN UBUNTU 16
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade && \ sudo apt-get install python-pip python3-pip && \ pip -V; pip3 -V
FREQUENT PIP CMD
pip install package_name pip uninstall package_name pip search package_name pip freeze pip --help
JUPYTER
see: jupyter
PYENV
install
Run curl[ref]:
(manually do it if lacking curl)
curl https://pyenv.run | bash
Update .bashrc:
cat >>~/.bash_profile <<EOD # pyenv if [ -d "$HOME/.pyenv" ]; then export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv" export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH" eval "$(pyenv init -)" eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)" fi EOD source ~/.bash_profile
Install python:
pyenv install 2.7.8
check py version
Tip: to find py version:
# in terminal: python --version # in py/jupyter: import sys sys.version_info print(sys.executable) # https://stackoverflow.com/a/46902466 print(sys.version) print(sys.version_info)
PIPENV
A state-of-the-art combined tool chain.
install
Tip: better to have pyenv installed also, so any python version can be automatically installed by pipenv.
sudo apt install -y python3-pip python3-setuptools && \ python3 -m pip install --user pipenv && \ cat >>~/.bash_profile <<EOD export PATH="\$HOME/.local/bin:\$PATH" EOD source ~/.bash_profile
create env
mkdir sunnyProj; cd sunnyProj pipenv --python 3.6.7 # will automatically install the specified python in env, if pyenv is installed.
activate env
pipenv shell
how it works
A pip-environment is based on one folder.
Actually, the Pipfile in the folder.
When creating a new environment, it will use the folder's name as the environment's name, and will also search for the environment using the folder's anme when trying to activating by pipenv shell.
When activating one environment, a specific Python's installation path and Python lib path will be added to PATH and have higher priority than system one.
"Pipenv" uses "virtualenvs" as the backend (?).
Ref:
Install and kick-start, (originally from phoikoi.io)
pipenv (bak) (we can use pipenv --python directly as it will install the related python)
list of packages/libraries
Bash:
pip freeze
# or:
pip list
Python:
import pip installed_packages = pip.get_installed_distributions() installed_packages_list = sorted(["%s==%s" % (i.key, i.version) for i in installed_packages]) print(installed_packages_list) # OR (one-line) sorted(["%s==%s" % (i.key, i.version) for i in pip.get_installed_distributions()])
Ref: stackoverflow
pipenv + jupyter kernels
Ref: stackoverflow
VIRTUAL ENV
OBS: dated, see pipenv above instead.
There are 2 tools (virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper) can be used. There is also one blog introducing bash alias way to use virtualenv: ref ( evernote backup ).
We will use the wrapper one (cuz we prefer new stuff, right?).
If we need to put the env into a folder other than the user's home, we can use the old virtualenv package: virtualenv [-p /usr/bin/python2.6] <path/to/new/virtualenv/>
install
Win: pip install virtualenvwrapper-win
Nix: pip install virtualenvwrapper (this also works for windows with cygwin)
make new env
mkvirtualenv <env name>
If we want to use another python intepretor, we can use the optional -p (path) parameter:mkvirtualenv -p D:\Python27\python.exe py27_rest_demo
TIP: After running this command, we will automatically enter the virtual environment.
The name is showing at the beginning of terminal/cmd prompt, surrended by ( ):
OBS: newly created env does NOT have globally installed packages.
using previously created env
workon <env name>
packages
When we are in an env, we can use pip to install packages for this env.
quit current env
deactivate
test package version
Take Django as an example:
python
import django print(django.get_version())
cmd format
Even with -p parameter, we need to run the .py files with virtual env's python.exe, e.g.: C:\Users\<user name>\Envs\py27_rest_demo\Scripts\python.exe manage.py runserver
Otherwise, system's global intepretor will take effect.
Easier Way
We can use D:\Python27>mklink python27.exe python.exe to make it possible to run server by: python27.exe manage.py runserver. However, direct copying python.exe and renaming the file does NOT work.
PERFORMANCE
Simple seconds: time()
import time start_time = time.time() # do something here end_time = time.time() print(end_time - start_time, 'seconds.')
Alternatives: perf_counter or process_time
ref stackoverflow.